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        <h4 id="定义"><a href="#定义" class="headerlink" title="定义"></a>定义</h4><p>Servlet本身不能独立运行，需要在一个web应用中运行的，而一个web应用是部署在tomcat中的。</p>
<h5 id="开发一个servlet的步骤"><a href="#开发一个servlet的步骤" class="headerlink" title="开发一个servlet的步骤"></a>开发一个servlet的步骤</h5><ol>
<li>创建web应用程序</li>
<li>编写servlet代码</li>
<li>部署到tomcat中</li>
</ol>
<span id="more"></span>
<h5 id="具体的开发一个servlet应用"><a href="#具体的开发一个servlet应用" class="headerlink" title="具体的开发一个servlet应用"></a>具体的开发一个servlet应用</h5><ol>
<li><p>创建一个java项目</p>
</li>
<li><p>导入必须的servlet-api.jar包</p>
</li>
<li><p>编写HelloServlet，使其继承类<code>javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>配置web.xml文件</p>
 <figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;?xml version=<span class="string">"1.0"</span> encoding=<span class="string">"UTF-8"</span>?&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">web-app</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">servlet</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">servlet-name</span>&gt;</span>HelloServlet<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">servlet-name</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">servlet-class</span>&gt;</span>HelloServlet<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">servlet-class</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">servlet</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">servlet-mapping</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">servlet-name</span>&gt;</span>HelloServlet<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">servlet-name</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">url-pattern</span>&gt;</span>/hello<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">url-pattern</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">servlet-mapping</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">web-app</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>在开发工具内配置tomcat或其他中间件。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="获取参数"><a href="#获取参数" class="headerlink" title="获取参数"></a>获取参数</h4><h4 id="返回响应"><a href="#返回响应" class="headerlink" title="返回响应"></a>返回响应</h4><h4 id="调用流程"><a href="#调用流程" class="headerlink" title="调用流程"></a>调用流程</h4><h5 id="流程图"><a href="#流程图" class="headerlink" title="流程图"></a>流程图</h5><p><img src="http://localhost:4000/2021/03/14/servlet-how2j/001.png" alt></p>
<h4 id="service"><a href="#service" class="headerlink" title="service()"></a>service()</h4><ul>
<li>doGet()</li>
<li>doPost()</li>
<li>service()</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="中文问题"><a href="#中文问题" class="headerlink" title="中文问题"></a>中文问题</h4><h5 id="获取中文的参数"><a href="#获取中文的参数" class="headerlink" title="获取中文的参数"></a>获取中文的参数</h5><ul>
<li><p>在html文件中加上编码</p>
<p>  <code>&lt;meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"&gt;</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>在servlet中进行编码和解码</p>
</li>
<li><p>直接使用request进行设置</p>
<p>  <code>request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>返回中文的响应</p>
<p>在Servlet中加上，<code>response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");</code></p>
<h4 id="生命周期"><a href="#生命周期" class="headerlink" title="生命周期"></a>生命周期</h4><p>一个servlet的生命周期：</p>
<ol>
<li>实例化</li>
<li>初始化</li>
<li>提供服务</li>
<li>销毁</li>
<li>被回收</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="跳转"><a href="#跳转" class="headerlink" title="跳转"></a>跳转</h4><p>页面跳转是开发一个web应用经常会发生的事情。</p>
<p>跳转的方式：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>服务端跳转</p>
<p>  <code>request.getRequestDispatcher("success.html").forward(request, response);</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>客户端跳转</p>
<p>  <code>response.sendRedirect("fail.html");</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="自启动"><a href="#自启动" class="headerlink" title="自启动"></a>自启动</h4><p>servlet的自启动，即是，伴随着tomcat的启动，自动启动初始化，在初始化方法<code>init()</code>中，就可以进行一些业务代码的工作了。</p>
<h5 id="如何自启动"><a href="#如何自启动" class="headerlink" title="如何自启动"></a>如何自启动</h5><p>在web.xml文件中，配置HelloServlet的地方加上一句：</p>
<p><code>&lt;load-on-startup&gt;10&lt;/load-on-startup&gt;</code>,取值范围为<code>1-99</code>,数字越小，启动的优先级越高。</p>

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